Candidiasis (Yeast Infection)

Overview and Candidiasis Facts
A yeast infection occurring in the vagina, Candidiasis is most often caused by the fungus Candida albicans. Candidiasis is very common, occurring in 75% of all women at some time in their life, and is not considered to be a sexually transmitted disease. 

Candidiasis Signs and Symptoms
The following are common symptoms associated with vaginal Candidiasis:

• Irritated vaginal area
• Vaginal discharge that is thick and white or gray in color (similar to cottage cheese)
• Vaginal itching or burning
• Pain or burning during urination
• Pain during intercourse

Causes/Common Triggers
Candida albicans and other bacteria live naturally in balance with each other in the vagina, but when the balance is disrupted the fungus can grow uncontrolled, leading to an infection. Some triggers that may upset the balance in the vagina include:

• Antibiotic use
• Steroid use
• Diabetes
• Weakened immune system
• Hormonal changes
• Tight-fitting underwear
• Pregnancy

Test and Diagnosis
Clinicians can diagnose Candidiasis by assessing reported symptoms and performing a pelvic examination. Urine and vaginal discharge may also be tested. If an infection is resistant to medication or frequently reoccurs, a culture of the vaginal discharge may be performed.

Prevention
Women can prevent onset of candidiasis by taking the following steps:

• Avoid excessive moisture in vaginal area
• Wear loose-fitting, cotton underwear
• Avoid use of douches or feminine hygiene products
• Avoid any irritants from products such as tampons

Day-to-Day Management
Appropriate management of Candidiasis includes maintaining proper hygiene of the vaginal area and avoiding excessive moisture by:

• Changing out of a wet bathing suit after swimming
• Changing out of sweaty clothes after exercising
• Keep vaginal area dry after showering

In addition, the treatment plan developed by the clinician should be followed accordingly, and OTC products can be taken as directed.

Treatment and Care
Patients should consult with their physician to develop an optimal treatment plan. If symptoms of the infection do not alleviate or become worse with OTC medication and proper hygiene, the physician should be informed to plan a further course of treatment.

Homeopathic and Alternative Remedies
Alternative therapies may be used to help supplement the main course of treatment. These can include the following:

• Consuming yogurt daily
• Taking Lactobacillus acidophilus tablets (as directed by a physician)
• Taking a sodium bicarbonate sitz baths

Self-Care
Candidiasis that is considered mild and uncomplicated and is not an individual’s first occurrence can be treated effectively using OTC medications such as vaginal antifungal creams and/or suppositories. The pharmacist should be always consulted for proper use and length of treatment. Patients should inform the pharmacist of all other medications they are taking to prevent any drug interactions or contraindications.

Resources for Patients

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
• National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
• National Women’s Health Information Center
• Healthy Women (National Women’s Health Resource Center)